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LinApple - RetroBIOS
Type standalone
Classification Community forks
Source https://github.com/linappleii/linapple
Upstream https://github.com/AppleWin/AppleWin
Version 3.0.0
Profiled 2026-10-04
Cores linapple
Systems apple-ii
Source analysis

embedded_roms:

- **mechanism:** res/roms/*.rom compiled into EmbeddedRoms.cpp by scripts/generate_roms.sh at configure and build time, each behind an ENABLE_ROM_* macro

- **source_ref:** CMakeLists.txt:57-131,301-338; scripts/generate_roms.sh:97-118
- **extraction:** hashes computed from the res/roms images the generator reads
**system_roms:**

- symbol: g_rom_apple2, machine: Apple ][, machine_type: A2TYPE_APPLE2, image: res/roms/Apple2.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2, default: True, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1062-1066, size: 12288, md5: 3c406514b9806a7c57ee65fb0b0c39b4, sha1: 09288be705464b608ff190519ab008d3dfcd1b05
- symbol: g_rom_apple2_plus, machine: Apple ][+, machine_type: A2TYPE_APPLE2PLUS, image: res/roms/Apple2_Plus.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2PLUS, default: True, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1068-1072, size: 12288, md5: 572b3005a4fa49bc54917b069b82c1ab, sha1: 33a24f5489ba9195b44be77d9afb2252594cb5c7
- symbol: g_rom_apple2_jplus, machine: Apple ][ J-Plus, machine_type: A2TYPE_APPLE2JPLUS, image: res/roms/Apple2_JPlus.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2_JPLUS, default: True, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1074-1078, size: 12288, md5: f3e8237eca3809bec2a42b984a1332a8, sha1: ad200b3263d08e7235d0871c8595963a07adc905
- symbol: g_rom_apple2e, machine: Apple //e Unenhanced, machine_type: A2TYPE_APPLE2E, image: res/roms/Apple2e.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2E, default: True, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1080-1084, size: 16384, md5: 346bc782c6a08a531c460e33bc03daf4, sha1: 61fa9254628e5bb7236fb474006116d67684d747, note: First 4 KB loaded as internal Cx ROM, remaining 12 KB at $D000
- symbol: g_rom_apple2e_enhanced, machine: Apple //e Enhanced, machine_type: A2TYPE_APPLE2EENHANCED, image: res/roms/Apple2e_Enhanced.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2ENHANCED, default: True, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1086-1090, size: 16384, md5: 38063e08c778503fc03ecebb979769e9, sha1: b8ea90abe135a0031065e01697c4a3a20d51198b, note: First 4 KB loaded as internal Cx ROM, remaining 12 KB at $D000
- symbol: g_rom_clone_base64a, machine: Base64A, machine_type: A2TYPE_CLONE_BASE64A, image: res/roms/Base64A.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_BASE64A, default: False, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1092-1098, note: Trailing 12288 bytes of the image are used
- symbol: g_rom_clone_pravets82, machine: Pravets 82, machine_type: A2TYPE_CLONE_PRAVETS82, image: res/roms/PRAVETS82.ROM, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_PRAVETS, default: False, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1099-1103
- symbol: g_rom_clone_pravets8m, machine: Pravets 8M, machine_type: A2TYPE_CLONE_PRAVETS8M, image: res/roms/PRAVETS8M.ROM, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_PRAVETS, default: False, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1104-1107
- symbol: g_rom_clone_pravets8c, machine: Pravets 8C, machine_type: A2TYPE_CLONE_PRAVETS8C, image: res/roms/PRAVETS8C.ROM, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_PRAVETS, default: False, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1108-1112
- symbol: g_rom_clone_tk3000e, machine: TK3000 //e, machine_type: A2TYPE_CLONE_TK3000E, image: res/roms/TK3000e.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_TK3000E, default: False, source_ref: src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1113-1118

**video_roms:**

    - **note:** Compiled in under the macro of their machine. No source file reads the symbols; the display uses the character_generators below.

    **images:**

    - symbol: g_rom_apple2_video, image: res/roms/Apple2_Video.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2, default: True, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:98, size: 2048, md5: 9ac0dc8c4d0002eb45b0b84be0bde5ec, sha1: f9d312f128c9557d9d6ac03bfad6c3ddf83e5659
    - symbol: g_rom_apple2_jplus_video, image: res/roms/Apple2_JPlus_Video.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2_JPLUS, default: True, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:101, size: 2048, md5: 271e2c9bf928b95e7baeff391db45495, sha1: 0a382be58db5215c4a3de53b19a72fab660d5da2
    - symbol: g_rom_apple2e_enhanced_video, image: res/roms/Apple2e_Enhanced_Video.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_APPLE2ENHANCED, default: True, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:104, size: 4096, md5: 9123fff3442c0e688cc6816be88dd4ab, sha1: b2b5d87f52693817fc747df087a4aa1ddcdb1f10
    - symbol: g_rom_clone_base64a_german_video, image: res/roms/Base64A_German_Video.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_BASE64A, default: False, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:108, size: 4096, md5: 4b45852b369e2afd864a02d0d91f70dc, sha1: 87ca8135f7526ddf829f9c2c4f7dbe4d568818fc

**peripheral_firmware:**

- device: Disk II controller, 16 sector boot ROM, slot: 6, symbol: g_rom_disk2, image: res/roms/DISK2.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_DISK2, default: True, source_ref: CMakeLists.txt:118,120-124; scripts/generate_roms.sh:115; src/apple2/peripherals/disk/Disk.cpp:1125-1127, size: 256, md5: 2020aa1413ff77fe29353f3ee72dc295, sha1: d4181c9f046aafc3fb326b381baac809d9e38d16
- device: Disk II controller, P6 sequencer PROM, slot: 6, symbol: g_rom_disk2_p6, image: res/roms/DISK2-P6.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_DISK2, default: True, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:117; src/apple2/peripherals/disk/Disk.cpp:618-624; CMakeLists.txt:957-970, size: 256, md5: 5f1be0c1cdff26f5956eef9643911886, sha1: bc39fbd5b9a8d2287ac5d0a42e639fc4d3c2f9d4, note: The controller state machine reads its opcodes from this image. A build test pins its SHA-1 and its size. Without ENABLE_ROM_DISK2 the sequencer returns a constant and the data register never moves.

- device: Disk II controller, 13 sector boot ROM, symbol: g_rom_disk2_13sector, image: res/roms/DISK2-13sector.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_DISK2, default: True, source_ref: scripts/generate_roms.sh:116, size: 256, md5: 4f80448507cf43ab40c17ac08d89e278, sha1: afd060e6f35faf3bb0146fa889fc787adf56330a, note: Compiled in; no source file reads the symbol
- device: Super Serial Card, slot: 2, symbol: super_serial_rom, image: res/roms/SSC.rom, source_ref: src/apple2/peripherals/super_serial_card/SuperSerialRom.h:8-16; src/apple2/peripherals/super_serial_card/SuperSerial.cpp:356-358; CMakeLists.txt:884-887, size: 2048, md5: 67c0d61ab0911183faf05270f881a97e, sha1: 6dab633470c6bc4cb3e81d09fda46597caf8ee57, note: Not generated and behind no cmake option: the card carries the 2048 bytes as an array in SuperSerialRom.h, the last page mapped at $Cn00 and the whole image at $C800. The generator does not read res/roms/SSC.rom; a build test pins its SHA-1 as the reference of that transcription.

- device: Mouse interface card, slot: 4, symbol: g_rom_mouse_interface, image: res/roms/MouseInterface.rom, cmake_option: ENABLE_ROM_MOUSE, default: True, source_ref: CMakeLists.txt:126,128-132; scripts/generate_roms.sh:118; src/apple2/peripherals/mouse/Mouse.cpp:537-541, size: 2048, md5: 22563ab338024dac7b03510371d49c57, sha1: 3a9d881a8a8d30f55b9719aceebbcf717f829d6f
- device: Parallel printer card, slot: 1, symbol: printer_rom, image: res/roms/Parallel.rom, source_ref: src/apple2/peripherals/printer/Printer.cpp:30-53,215; CMakeLists.txt:872-874, size: 256, md5: 5902996f16dc78fc013f6e1db14805b3, sha1: c75c751589cbcc1ad4ab4f63676af7abadd86f5b, note: Not generated and behind no cmake option: the card carries the 256 bytes as an array in Printer.cpp. The generator does not read res/roms/Parallel.rom; a build test pins its SHA-1 as the reference of that transcription.

- device: Clock card, symbol: clock_rom, source_ref: src/apple2/peripherals/clock/ClockCard.cpp:19-29,158, note: A 256-byte page written in ClockCard.cpp that answers the ProDOS ThunderClock identification and read entry points. No image under res/roms backs it.

**character_generators:**

    - **mechanism:** PNG converted to XPM by CMake, included at src/apple2/Video.cpp:39-43
    - **selection:** machine type, then keyboard language (src/apple2/Video.cpp:1228-1252)
    - **accepted_geometry:** 128x128, or 128x256 for the Euro ROMs carrying a second language
    **images:**

    - filename: charset40.png, used_for: Apple //e class machines, English (US), size: 2745, md5: c6029ef4d4fa272083769673bdcf2b6c, sha1: d79aa8af6446c3637401cb75ffdda92fdf7f3853
    - filename: charset40_IIplus.png, used_for: Apple ][, Apple ][+ and Apple ][ J-Plus, size: 1956, md5: 2104f293d5df7137fdd579ea405da847, sha1: bc9aa5cbadfcffe82b5b20ce954555b9d07fa260
    - filename: charset40_british.png, used_for: English (UK), size: 5300, md5: aa001ec528e3c6c472d02cbb09c5b365, sha1: ac363e069b40658f86ccd1e2d57438db732dbc84
    - filename: charset40_french.png, used_for: French (FR), size: 5330, md5: f163ec67c91501b604ca349afef93fc3, sha1: 5b454a2e7194863df3a997cc21e7ea6d61eb61d7
    - filename: charset40_german.png, used_for: German (DE), size: 5290, md5: 4d8ab9d3f15ee19d9e62c1f163df7e48, sha1: f86bd5238604247e04d616850f244b489daef18d

symbol_tables:

- **source_ref:** src/Debugger/Debugger_Symbols.cpp:37-48
- **lookup:** system_state.program_dir + filename, and system_state.program_dir is never assigned
**loaded_on_command:**

- APPLE2E.SYM
- A2_BASIC.SYM
- A2_ASM.SYM
- A2_USER1.SYM
- A2_USER2.SYM
- A2_SRC1.SYM
- A2_SRC2.SYM
- A2_DOS33.SYM
- A2_PRODOS.SYM

- **note:** Each table is read by the LOAD parameter of its SYM command; no table is loaded when the debugger starts. Only APPLE2E.SYM and A2_BASIC.SYM are distributed with the emulator, in res/. The user slots a...

generated_files:

**written_only:**

- linapple.log
- Profile.txt
- Trace.txt
- AppleWin_Text40.txt
- AppleWin_Text80.txt
- Printer.txt
- save states
- FTP directory cache

- **note:** Produced by the emulator, none is user-supplied. CmdConfigSave builds the LinAppleDebugger.cfg path and passes it to no open call (src/Debugger/Debugger_Cmd_Config.cpp:218-221).

unused_resources:

  • filename: font.bmp, reason: shipped in res/ and named by no source file at this revision
  • filename: fixedsys-excelsior-regular.ttf, reason: shipped in res/ and named by no source file at this revision
Technical notes

SDL port of AppleWin for Linux. The SourceForge project was abandoned and its forks were gathered under the linappleii organization (README.md:166-173). Five frontends build from one core: sdl1, sdl2, sdl3, tui and headless (src/frontends/).

The ROMs the emulator runs are compiled into the binary. scripts/generate_roms.sh turns res/roms/.rom into EmbeddedRoms.h and EmbeddedRoms.cpp, once at configure time and again at build time (CMakeLists.txt:301-338), each image behind an ENABLE_ROM_ macro (scripts/generate_roms.sh:97-118). Eighteen images go through the generator: ten system ROMs, four character generator ROMs and four card ROMs. The printer card, the Super Serial Card and the clock card carry their firmware as arrays in their own source files (src/apple2/peripherals/printer/Printer.cpp:30, src/apple2/peripherals/super_serial_card/SuperSerialRom.h:16, src/apple2/peripherals/clock/ClockCard.cpp:20), and the Mockingboard registers no ROM.

What a macro is set to decides whether a machine model runs at all. CMakeLists.txt:57-131 leaves the Apple ][, ][+, J-Plus, //e and Enhanced //e system ROMs ON, along with the Disk II and mouse firmware. The three clone options are OFF: ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_BASE64A, ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_PRAVETS and ENABLE_ROM_CLONE_TK3000E (CMakeLists.txt:95-97). Selecting one of those machine types on a default build reaches mem_initialize with no rom_data, which prints the model name and its cmake flag, destroys the context and returns -1 (src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1124-1134). The message offers two ways out, and the second is a file: -R, --rom <file> loads a system ROM at runtime (src/frontends/common/AppArgs.cpp:77,186).

A custom ROM takes precedence over anything embedded. load_custom_rom opens the path as given, then through Path::find_data_file, and refuses a file below 12288 or above 65536 bytes, which stops the start (src/frontends/common/AppController.cpp:127-171,251-253). mem_initialize accepts the buffer at exactly 16384 or 12288 bytes, or larger, taking the trailing 16384 for the //e-class types and the trailing 12288 otherwise (src/apple2/Memory.cpp:1038-1059). No hash or name is checked; the file is whatever the user points at.

Character generators are res/charset40.png, converted to XPM by CMake (CMakeLists.txt:270-299) and included at src/apple2/Video.cpp:39-43. One of five is chosen from the machine type and the keyboard language (src/apple2/Video.cpp:1228-1252). The status font and the splash screen are XPM as well (src/core/Asset.cpp:15-16,57,63). The four _Video.rom images are compiled in, and no source file reads their symbols.

Master.dsk is inserted into slot 6 drive 1 at startup unless the command line names a disk or the configuration autoloads one (src/frontends/common/AppController.cpp:194-215). asset_find_master_disk resolves it through Path::find_data_file (src/core/Asset.cpp:25-39), which walks the user data and config directories, the executable directory and its res/ neighbours, the share and etc prefixes beside it, the compiled-in SOURCE_RES_DIR, /usr/local/share/linapple, /usr/share/linapple, every XDG_CONFIG_DIRS entry and /etc/linapple (src/core/Util_Path.h:116-179). The same search serves icon.bmp and a --rom path that does not open as given.

The debugger reads its symbol tables through system_state.program_dir, declared at src/core/LinAppleCore.h:103 and read without ever being assigned, so the names resolve against the working directory. g_file_name_symbols lists nine tables (src/Debugger/Debugger_Symbols.cpp:37-48). CmdSymbolsLoad reads a table's default file when it receives no argument (src/Debugger/Debugger_Symbols.cpp:636-652); its only caller is the LOAD parameter of the SYM commands (src/Debugger/Debugger_Symbols.cpp:817-819), and debug_initialize loads no table (src/Debugger/Debug.cpp:29-37). ParseSymbolTable opens the file with fopen and a missing one leaves the debugger running without its symbols (src/Debugger/Debugger_Symbols.cpp:495).

Peripheral cards are linked into the executable by default. With BUILD_SHARED_PERIPHERALS, OFF at CMakeLists.txt:43, each card that add_peripheral does not force built-in builds as a shared object (CMakeLists.txt:554-555,662-666), and peripheral_plugins_init opens every *.so found in the plugin search paths in either build (src/apple2/peripherals/Peripheral_Internal.cpp:192-219, src/core/Util_Path.h:102-114).

linapple.conf carries preferences only (src/core/Registry.cpp, src/frontends/common/AppEnvironment.cpp). Each accessor returns a compiled-in default when a key is missing.

9 files | 0 required, 9 optional | 9 in repo, 0 missing

Master.dsk optional in repo
Boot floppy inserted into slot 6 drive 1 at startup

icon.bmp optional in repo
Window icon read from disk by the SDL frontends

  • Size: 2.1 KB
  • SHA1: 5aee3a718f3d...
  • MD5: be7a389c5aa6...
  • Source: src/frontends/sdl2/SDL_Asset.cpp:18-41, src/frontends/sdl2/SDL_Asset.cpp:55-69
  • sdl_asset_load_bmp resolves the name through Path::find_data_file, prints a warning to stderr when no search path holds it and returns nullptr. The sdl1, sdl2 and sdl3 frontends each load it when the window is created. Absence costs the window its icon and nothing else.

APPLE2E.SYM optional in repo
Debugger symbol table for the main ROM

A2_BASIC.SYM optional in repo
Debugger symbol table for Applesoft BASIC

Base64A.rom optional in repo
Copam Base 64A clone system ROM, supplied with --rom

PRAVETS82.ROM optional in repo
Pravets 82 clone system ROM, supplied with --rom

PRAVETS8M.ROM optional in repo
Pravets 8M clone system ROM, supplied with --rom

PRAVETS8C.ROM optional in repo
Pravets 8C clone system ROM, supplied with --rom

TK3000e.rom optional in repo
Microdigital TK-3000 //e clone system ROM, supplied with --rom

Generated on 2026-10-10T11:26:01Z